Software of the Month Club 1996 May/Software of the Month Club 1996 May.iso/mac/ISO9660/ZIPFILES/LANGUA~1/ALT_SPN2.ZIP/SPANISH.LTC

Text File | 1996-01-11 | 19.3 KB | 550 lines

*Spanish C20 Y6 A32 B35 Y8 A12 B16 A18 B18 A20 B20
*Spanish C20 Y9 A14 B15 A16 B16 A17 B17 A19 B20 A32 B32
*Spanish C20 Y10 A17 B17 A18 B18 A18 B19 A20 B20 A59 B59
*Spanish C20 Y11 A17 B17 A18 B18
*Spanish C20 Y12 A18 B19 A20 B21 Y13 A20 B20 A21 B21 A22 B22
*Spanish C20 Y14 A20 B20 A21 B22 A23 B23 Y15 A20 B20 A21 B22
*Spanish C20 Y16 A20 B20 A21 B22

#A
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"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzÄÅâäàåáéêëèÉïîìíôöòÖóüûùÜúñÑÇç"
"BCDFGHJKLMNPQRSTVWXYZbcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyzñÑÇç"
"AEIOUaeiouÄÅâäàåáéêëèÉïîìíôöòÖóüûùÜú"

[USERTEXT]
SPANISH   ████████ Copyright (C) 1996 Erik Zidowecki
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Shareware.▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒████▄▄▄████▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒
Donations welcome.▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒███████████▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒
Use as model▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒█████████████████████▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒
or as intro to Spanish.▒███████████████████▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒
$
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.COMPTONS
1

^F4ROMANCE LANGUAGES^E0                                               ╔════╦════╗
                                                                ║≡≡≡≡║≡≡≡≡║
                                                                ║≡≡≡≡║≡≡≡≡║
                                                                ╚════╩════╝
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 ^F0Spanish
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
   Spanish is the Romance language spoken by more people than any of the
 others. It is the official language of Spain and 18 Latin American nations
 as well as about a million Filipinos. The dialect spoken in these areas is
 usually Castilian, and Castellano is the name used for the language in some
 Latin American countries. There are other Spanish dialects in Spain,
 including Aragonese and Asturo-Leonese.  Galician, spoken in the northwest,
 is more properly a dialect of Portuguese; and Catalan, spoken in the area
 around Barcelona, is another language altogether.

   The first written Spanish appeared in various Latin texts during the 10th
 century. The language was standardized in the 16th century after the
 Muslims had been driven out of Spain. The language of Toledo, the religious
 capital, and Madrid, the political capital, became standard Castilian and
 was carried to the overseas colonies.  An older form called Judeo-Spanish
 is a continuation of archaic Castilian. It is also called Sephardic.

 - From the Comptons Concise Encyclopedia, on-line version

$$


.Statistics
4
..Geography
1
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                              Spain: Geography
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ^F0Total area:
    504,750 km2

 ^F0Land area:
    499,400 km2; includes Balearic Islands, Canary Islands, and five places
    of sovereignty (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco -
    Ceuta, Mellila, Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and Penon de
    Velez de la Gomera

 ^F0Comparative area:
    slightly more than twice the size of Oregon

 ^F0Land boundaries:
    1,903.2 km total; Andorra 65 km, France 623 km, Gibraltar 1.2 km,
    Portugal 1,214 km

 ^F0Coastline:
    4,964 km

 ^F0Maritime claims:
  Exclusive economic zone:
    200 nm
  Territorial sea:
    12 nm

 ^F0Disputes:
    Gibraltar question with UK; Spain controls five places of sovereignty
    (plazas de soberania) on and off the coast of Morocco - the coastal
    enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla, which Morocco contests, as well as the
    islands of Penon de Alhucemas, Penon de Velez de la Gomera, and Islas
    Chafarinas

 ^F0Climate:
    temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy
    along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool
    along coast

 ^F0Terrain:
    large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees
    in north

 ^F0Natural resources:
    coal, lignite, iron ore, uranium, mercury, pyrites, fluorspar, gypsum,
    zinc, lead, tungsten, copper, kaolin, potash, hydropower

 ^F0Land use:
    arable land 31%; permanent crops 10%; meadows and pastures 21%; forest
    and woodland 31%; other 7%; includes irrigated 6%

 ^F0Environment:
    deforestation; air pollution

 ^F0Note:
    strategic location along approaches to Strait of Gibraltar

- From the 1993 Cia World Factbook
$$

..People
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                                Spain: People
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ^F0Population:
    39,118,399 (July 1992), growth rate 0.2% (1992)

 ^F0Birth rate:
    11 births/1,000 population (1992)

 ^F0Death rate:
    9 deaths/1,000 population (1992)

 ^F0Net migration rate:
    NEGL migrants/1,000 population (1992)

 ^F0Infant mortality rate:
    7 deaths/1,000 live births (1992)

 ^F0Life expectancy at birth:
    74 years male, 81 years female (1992)

 ^F0Total fertility rate:
    1.4 children born/woman (1992)

 ^F0Nationality:
    noun - Spaniard(s); adjective - Spanish

 ^F0Ethnic divisions:
    composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types

 ^F0Religions:
    Roman Catholic 99%, other sects 1%

 ^F0Languages:
    Castilian Spanish; second languages include Catalan 17%, Galician 7%,
    Basque 2%

 ^F0Literacy:
    95% (male 97%, female 93%) age 15 and over can read and write
    (1990 est.)

 ^F0Labor force:
    14,621,000; services 53%, industry 24%, agriculture 14%,
    construction 9% (1988)

 ^F0Organized labor:
    less 10% of labor force (1988)

- From the 1993 Cia World Factbook
$$

..Government
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                              Spain: Government
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 ^F0Long-form name:
    Kingdom of Spain

 ^F0Type:
    parliamentary monarchy

 ^F0Capital:
    Madrid

 ^F0Administrative divisions:
    17 autonomous communities (comunidades autonomas, singular -comunidad
    autonoma); Andalucia, Aragon, Asturias, Canarias, Cantabria, Castilla-
    La Mancha, Castilla y Leon, Cataluna, Communidad Valencia, Extremadura,
    Galicia, Islas Baleares, La Rioja, Madrid, Murcia, Navarra, Pais Vasco;
    note - there are five places of sovereignty on and off the coast of
    Morocco (Ceuta, Mellila, Islas Chafarinas, Penon de Alhucemas, and
    Penon de Velez de la Gomera) with administrative status unknown

 ^F0Independence:
    1492 (expulsion of the Moors and unification)

 ^F0Constitution:
    6 December 1978, effective 29 December 1978

 ^F0Legal system:
    civil law system, with regional applications; does not accept
    compulsory ICJ jurisdiction

 ^F0National holiday:
    National Day, 12 October

 ^F0Executive branch:
    monarch, president of the government (prime minister), deputy prime
    minister, Council of Ministers (cabinet), Council of State

 ^F0Legislative branch:
    bicameral The General Courts or National Assembly (Las Cortes
    Generales) consists of an upper house or Senate (Senado) and a lower
    house or Congress of Deputies (Congreso de los Diputados)

 ^F0Judicial branch:
    Supreme Court (Tribunal Supremo)

 ^F0Leaders:
  Chief of State:
    King JUAN CARLOS I (since 22 November 1975)
  Head of Government:
    Prime Minister Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez (since 2 December 1982); Deputy
    Prime Minister Narcis SERRA (since 13 March 1991)

 ^F0Political parties and leaders:
    principal national parties, from right to left - Popular Party (PP),
    Jose Maria AZNAR; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Luis DE GRANDES;
    Social Democratic Center (CDS), Rafael Calvo ORTEGA; Spanish Socialist
    Workers Party (PSOE), Felipe GONZALEZ Marquez; Socialist Democracy
    Party (DS), Ricardo Garcia DAMBORENEA; Spanish Communist Party (PCE),
    Julio ANGUITA; chief regional parties - Convergence and Unity (CiU),
    Jordi PUJOL Saley, in Catalonia; Basque Nationalist Party (PNV), Xabier
    ARZALLUS; Basque Solidarity (EA), Carlos GARAICOETXEA Urizza; Basque
    Popular Unity (HB), Jon IDIGORAS; Basque Left (EE), Kepa AULESTIA;
    Andalusian Party (PA), Pedro PACHECO; Independent Canary Group (AIC);
    Aragon Regional Party (PAR); Valencian Union (UV)

 ^F0Suffrage:
    universal at age 18

 ^F0Elections:
  Senate:
    last held 29 October 1989 (next to be held NA October 1993); results -
    percent of vote by party NA; seats - (208 total) PSOE 106, PP 79, CiU
    10, PNV 4, HB 3, AIC 1, other 5
  Congress of Deputies:
    last held 29 October 1989 (next to be held NA October 1993); results -
    PSOE 39.6%, PP 25.8%, CDS 9%, Communist-led coalition (IU) 9%, CiU 5%,
    PNV 1.2%, HB 1%, PA 1%, other 8.4%; seats - (350 total) PSOE 175, PP
    106, CiU 18, IU 17, CDS 14, PNV 5, HB 4, other 11

 ^F0Communists:
    PCE membership declined from a possible high of 160,000 in 1977 to
    roughly 60,000 in 1987; the party gained almost 1 million voters and 10
    deputies in the 1989 election; voters came mostly from the disgruntled
    socialist left; remaining strength is in labor, where it dominates the
    Workers Commissions trade union (one of the country's two major labor
    centrals), which claims a membership of about 1 million; experienced a
    modest recovery in 1986 national election, nearly doubling the share of
    the vote it received in 1982

 ^F0Other political or pressure groups:
    on the extreme left, the Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the
    First of October Antifascist Resistance Group (GRAPO) use terrorism to
    oppose the government; free labor unions (authorized in April 1977)
    include the Communist-dominated Workers Commissions (CCOO); the
    Socialist General Union of Workers (UGT), and the smaller independent
    Workers Syndical Union (USO); the Catholic Church; business and
    landowning interests; Opus Dei; university students

 ^F0Member of:
    AG (observer), AsDB, BIS, CCC, CE, CERN, COCOM, CSCE, EBRD, EC, ECE,
    ECLAC, EIB, ESA, FAO, G-8, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,
    IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IOC,
    IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, LAIA (observer), LORCS, NAM (guest), NATO,
    NEA, OAS (observer), OECD, PCA, UN, UNAVEM, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU,
    WCL, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

 ^F0Diplomatic representation:
    Ambassador Jaime de OJEDA; Chancery at 2700 15th Street NW, Washington,
    DC 20009; telephone [phone] or 0191; there are Spanish
    Consulates General in Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New
    Orleans, New York, San Francisco, and San Juan (Puerto Rico)

 ^F0US:
    Ambassador Joseph ZAPPALA;
    Embassy at Serrano 75, 28006 Madrid (mailing address is APO AE 09642);
    telephone [34] (1) 577-4000, FAX [34] (1) 577-5735;
    there is a US Consulate General in Barcelona and a Consulate in Bilbao

 ^F0Flag:
    three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red
    with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band;
    the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of
    Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on
    either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar

- From the 1993 Cia World Factbook
$$

..Economy
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                               Spain: Economy
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 ^F0Overview:
    Spain has done well since joining the EC in 1986. In accordance with
    its accession treaty, Spain has almost wholly liberalized trade and
    capital markets. Foreign and domestic investment has spurred average
    growth of 4% per year.  Beginning in 1989, Madrid implemented a tight
    monetary policy to fight inflation - around 7% in 1989 and 1990. As a
    result growth slowed to 2.5% in 1991. Spanish policymakers remain
    concerned with inflation - still hovering at 6%. Government officials
    also are worried about 16% unemployment, although many people listed as
    unemployed work in the underground economy. Spanish economists believe
    that structural adjustments due to the ongoing integration of the
    European market are likely to lead to more displaced workers.

 ^F0GDP:
    purchasing power equivalent - $487.5 billion, per capita $12,400; real
    growth rate 2.5% (1991 est.)

 ^F0Inflation rate (consumer prices):
    5.9% (1991 est.)

 ^F0Unemployment rate:
    16.0% (1991 est.)

 ^F0Budget:
    revenues $111.0 billion; expenditures $115.9 billion, including capital
    expenditures of $20.8 billion (1991 est.)

 ^F0Exports:
    $60.1 billion (f.o.b., 1991)
  Commodities:
    cars and trucks, semifinished manufactured goods, foodstuffs, machinery
  Partners:
    EC 71.0%, US 4.9%, other developed countries 7.9%

 ^F0Imports:
    $93.1 billion (c.i.f., 1990)
  Commodities:
    machinery, transport equipment, fuels, semifinished goods, foodstuffs,
    consumer goods, chemicals
  Partners:
    EC 60.0%, US 8.0%, other developed countries 11.5%, Middle East 2.6%

 ^F0External debt:
    $45 billion (1991 est.)

 ^F0Industrial production:
    growth rate 2.0% (1991 est.)

 ^F0Electricity:
    46,589,000 kW capacity; 157,040 million kWh produced, 3,980 kWh per
    capita (1991)

 ^F0Industries:
    textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals
    and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine
    tools, tourism

 ^F0Agriculture:
    accounts for about 5% of GDP and 14% of labor force; major products -
    grain, vegetables, olives, wine grapes, sugar beets, citrus fruit,
    beef, pork, poultry, dairy; largely self-sufficient in food; fish catch
    of 1.4 million metric tons is among top 20 nations

 ^F0Illicit drugs:
    key European gateway country for Latin American cocaine entering the
    European market

 ^F0Economic aid:
    US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-87), $1.9 billion; Western (non-
    US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-79), $545.0
    million; not currently a recipient

 ^F0Currency:
    peseta (plural - pesetas); 1 peseta (Pta) = 100 centimos

 ^F0Exchange rates:
    pesetas (Ptas) per US$1 - 104.79 (March 1992), 103.91 (1991),
    101.93 (1990), 118.38 (1989), 116.49 (1988), 123.48 (1987)

 ^F0Fiscal year:
    calendar year

- From the 1993 Cia World Factbook
$$


..Communications
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                            Spain: Communications
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 ^F0Railroads:
    15,430 km total; Spanish National Railways (RENFE) operates 12,691 km
    1.668-meter gauge, 6,184 km electrified, and 2,295 km double track;
    FEVE (government-owned narrow-gauge railways) operates 1,821 km of
    predominantly 1.000-meter gauge and 441 km electrified; privately owned
    railways operate 918 km of predominantly 1.000-meter gauge, 512 km
    electrified, and 56 km double track

 ^F0Highways:
    150,839 km total; 82,513 km national (includes 2,433 km limited-access
    divided highway, 63,042 km bituminous treated, 17,038 km intermediate
    bituminous, concrete, or stone block) and 68,326 km provincial or local
    roads (bituminous treated, intermediate bituminous, or stone block)

 ^F0Inland waterways:
    1,045 km, but of minor economic importance

 ^F0Pipelines:
    crude oil 265 km, petroleum products 1,794 km, natural gas 1,666 km

 ^F0Ports:
    Algeciras, Alicante, Almeria, Barcelona, Bilbao, Cadiz, Cartagena,
    Castellon de la Plana, Ceuta, El Ferrol del Caudillo, Puerto de Gijon,
    Huelva, La Coruna, Las Palmas (Canary Islands), Mahon, Malaga, Melilla,
    Rota, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Sagunto, Tarragona, Valencia, Vigo, and
    175 minor ports

 ^F0Merchant marine:
    278 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,915,409 GRT/5,228,378 DWT;
    includes 2 passenger, 9 short-sea passenger, 86 cargo, 13 refrigerated
    cargo, 15 container, 32 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 4 vehicle carrier, 48
    petroleum tanker, 14 chemical tanker, 7 liquefied gas, 3 specialized
    tanker, 45 bulk

 ^F0Civil air:
    210 major transport aircraft

 ^F0Airports:
    105 total, 99 usable; 60 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways
    over 3,659 m; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 25 with runways 1,220-
    2,439 m

 ^F0Telecommunications:
    generally adequate, modern facilities; 15,350,464 telephones; broadcast
    stations - 190 AM, 406 (134 repeaters) FM, 100 (1,297 repeaters) TV; 22
    coaxial submarine cables; 2 communications satellite earth stations
    operating in INTELSAT (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean); MARECS,
    INMARSAT, and EUTELSAT systems; tropospheric links

- From the 1993 Cia World Factbook
$$


..Defense
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                            Spain: Defense Forces
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 ^F0Branches:
    Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines, Civil Guard, National Police, Coastal
    Civil Guard

 ^F0Manpower availability:
    males 15-49, 10,205,741; 8,271,151 fit for military service; 337,407
    reach military age (20) annually

 ^F0Defense expenditures:
    exchange rate conversion - $8.7 billion, 2% of GDP (1991)

- From the 1993 Cia World Factbook
$$

$$$

& spanish.lt2